Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 1. Resistance against National Socialism  

ISBD Public Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 1. Resistance against National Socialism [texte imprimé] . - 2014 . - 1 vol. (24 cm) : ill. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 321.6"1933/1945" Nazisme 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne République de Weimar (Allemagne, 1919-1933) Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : Site éditeur During the Weimar Republic people, of different social origins and political views began confronting National Socialism and warning against the threat of dictatorship. To begin with, the fight against Hitler was led above all by the workers’ movement, by liberal and left-wing intellectuals, and by Christians. After Hitler’s appointment as Reich chancellor, all opponents of the NSDAP were persecuted and excluded from the National Socialist “people’s community.” Torture, prison, and concentration camps were used to intimidate them. Jews were threatened and systematically deprived of their rights, while political opponents were vilified. Most Germans welcomed the new authorities and their politics. Only a minority mounted resistance in reaction to the violation of human rights and the destruction of democracy. At no point did the National Socialists succeed in entirely breaking their opponents’ resistance. These people followed their consciences and risked their lives to use what opportunities they had for human sympathy and political activity under the conditions of a dictatorship. On the historical site of the attempted coup of July 20, 1944, the German Resistance Memorial Center commemorates individuals and groups who resisted the unjust National Socialist state. It shows the breadth and diversity of the opponents of the regime in their development over time, and sheds light on different traditions, motives, goals, and situations that enabled and shaped the resistance against National Socialism between 1933 and 1945. Resistance is thus illustrated as a process of confrontation with National Socialism and its crimes. However, the history of resistance also shows that the Germans in the National Socialist era were caught between the poles of enthusiasm, assimilation, and obedience, and dissent, opposition, and resistance. Biographies présentes Ruth Andreas-Friedrich Ludwig Beck Dietrich Bonhoeffer Alfred Delp Julius Fu?ík Fritz Gerlich Constanze Hallgarten Julius Leber Hermann Maaß Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : site éditeur Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 1 Titre : Resistance against National Socialism Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2014 Importance : 1 vol. (24 cm) Présentation : ill. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 321.6"1933/1945" Nazisme 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne République de Weimar (Allemagne, 1919-1933) Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : Site éditeur During the Weimar Republic people, of different social origins and political views began confronting National Socialism and warning against the threat of dictatorship. To begin with, the fight against Hitler was led above all by the workers’ movement, by liberal and left-wing intellectuals, and by Christians. After Hitler’s appointment as Reich chancellor, all opponents of the NSDAP were persecuted and excluded from the National Socialist “people’s community.” Torture, prison, and concentration camps were used to intimidate them. Jews were threatened and systematically deprived of their rights, while political opponents were vilified. Most Germans welcomed the new authorities and their politics. Only a minority mounted resistance in reaction to the violation of human rights and the destruction of democracy. At no point did the National Socialists succeed in entirely breaking their opponents’ resistance. These people followed their consciences and risked their lives to use what opportunities they had for human sympathy and political activity under the conditions of a dictatorship. On the historical site of the attempted coup of July 20, 1944, the German Resistance Memorial Center commemorates individuals and groups who resisted the unjust National Socialist state. It shows the breadth and diversity of the opponents of the regime in their development over time, and sheds light on different traditions, motives, goals, and situations that enabled and shaped the resistance against National Socialism between 1933 and 1945. Resistance is thus illustrated as a process of confrontation with National Socialism and its crimes. However, the history of resistance also shows that the Germans in the National Socialist era were caught between the poles of enthusiasm, assimilation, and obedience, and dissent, opposition, and resistance. Biographies présentes Ruth Andreas-Friedrich Ludwig Beck Dietrich Bonhoeffer Alfred Delp Julius Fu?ík Fritz Gerlich Constanze Hallgarten Julius Leber Hermann Maaß Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : site éditeur Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 10/11. The attempted coup of July 20, 1944  

ISBD Public Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 10/11. The attempted coup of July 20, 1944 [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (80 p.) : ill. ; 24 cm. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 356 / 359 Forces armées Défense 356(430) Wehrmacht 929 Stauffenberg, Claus von (1907-1944) 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne 94(430)"1939/45" Attentat contre Hitler Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : An immediate end to the war and the National Socialists’ war crimes and crimes of violence were the main aims of the attempted coup. Hitler’s opponents hoped they would be able to reconcile the people of Europe and lay the foundations for a new order of peace, with Germany as part of it. By assassinating Hitler, the regime opponents hoped to prevent a military defeat and a national disaster for the German Reich. Doing so would also give a visible symbol of an “other Germany.” However, since early 1943 the Allies had insisted on unconditional surrender, which limited the options open to the German opposition. Hitler’s opponents had to reach compromises on their different ideas for foreign and domestic policy. They had to agree on issues of administrative organization, the structure of the top Wehrmacht ranks, and basic directions in social, cultural, economic, and foreign policy, as well as on the composition of the new government after the Nazi regime. A key factor for all opponents of National Socialism was restoring the rule of law and ending state despotism. That was the only way to ensure intellectual and political freedom and human rights. The National Socialist war criminals and perpetrators of crimes of violence were therefore to be held to account under due process of law. The conspirators made use of the secret “Valkyrie” plans, which had been developed in the Army High Command to put down uprisings by forced laborers and domestic unrest. With the aid of these commands, they hoped to gain control of the military districts after Hitler’s assassination and prevent counteractions. Friedrich Olbricht and Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim initiated Operation “Valkyrie” at around 4 p.m. on July 20, 1944. After landing in Berlin, Stauffenberg tried desperately to gain support for the coup from other officers, along with Mertz and Olbricht. In Berlin and the surrounding area, the first military units began marching on the government quarter on the orders of the Berlin city commandant Paul von Hase. Soon, however, National Socialist officers grew suspicious. Operation “Valkyrie” could not be carried out as planned in Berlin. Moreover, most of the military district command offices received the conspirators’ orders with some delay, at the same time as opposing commands from the “Führer Headquarters.” Because the conspirators did not gain access to radio stations, they could not appeal to the civilian population. In Paris, they managed to disempower the Gestapo and SS for several hours. Telexes arriving from the “Führer Headquarters” in East Prussia at the same time as the “Valkyrie” orders confused conditions. In the early hours of the evening, the situation also turned for the worse in Vienna, Prague, and Kassel, where some of the “Valkyrie” orders had been followed. Late in the evening of July 20, 1944, the conspirators realized that the coup had failed. Shortly before midnight, Colonel General Friedrich Fromm gave orders to shoot the conspirators dead. Biographies Ludwig Beck Robert Bernardis Werner von Haeften Ludwig Freiherr von Hammerstein-Equord Paul von Hase Erich Hoepner Cäsar von Hofacker Franz Jacob Fritz Jaeger Julius Leber Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim Hans Ulrich von Oertzen Friedrich Olbricht Margarethe von Oven Adolf Reichwein Anton Saefkow Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf von Schwerin von Schwanenfeld Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel Henning von Tresckow Erwin von Witzleben Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 10/11 Titre : The attempted coup of July 20, 1944 Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (80 p.) Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 356 / 359 Forces armées Défense 356(430) Wehrmacht 929 Stauffenberg, Claus von (1907-1944) 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne 94(430)"1939/45" Attentat contre Hitler Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : An immediate end to the war and the National Socialists’ war crimes and crimes of violence were the main aims of the attempted coup. Hitler’s opponents hoped they would be able to reconcile the people of Europe and lay the foundations for a new order of peace, with Germany as part of it. By assassinating Hitler, the regime opponents hoped to prevent a military defeat and a national disaster for the German Reich. Doing so would also give a visible symbol of an “other Germany.” However, since early 1943 the Allies had insisted on unconditional surrender, which limited the options open to the German opposition. Hitler’s opponents had to reach compromises on their different ideas for foreign and domestic policy. They had to agree on issues of administrative organization, the structure of the top Wehrmacht ranks, and basic directions in social, cultural, economic, and foreign policy, as well as on the composition of the new government after the Nazi regime. A key factor for all opponents of National Socialism was restoring the rule of law and ending state despotism. That was the only way to ensure intellectual and political freedom and human rights. The National Socialist war criminals and perpetrators of crimes of violence were therefore to be held to account under due process of law. The conspirators made use of the secret “Valkyrie” plans, which had been developed in the Army High Command to put down uprisings by forced laborers and domestic unrest. With the aid of these commands, they hoped to gain control of the military districts after Hitler’s assassination and prevent counteractions. Friedrich Olbricht and Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim initiated Operation “Valkyrie” at around 4 p.m. on July 20, 1944. After landing in Berlin, Stauffenberg tried desperately to gain support for the coup from other officers, along with Mertz and Olbricht. In Berlin and the surrounding area, the first military units began marching on the government quarter on the orders of the Berlin city commandant Paul von Hase. Soon, however, National Socialist officers grew suspicious. Operation “Valkyrie” could not be carried out as planned in Berlin. Moreover, most of the military district command offices received the conspirators’ orders with some delay, at the same time as opposing commands from the “Führer Headquarters.” Because the conspirators did not gain access to radio stations, they could not appeal to the civilian population. In Paris, they managed to disempower the Gestapo and SS for several hours. Telexes arriving from the “Führer Headquarters” in East Prussia at the same time as the “Valkyrie” orders confused conditions. In the early hours of the evening, the situation also turned for the worse in Vienna, Prague, and Kassel, where some of the “Valkyrie” orders had been followed. Late in the evening of July 20, 1944, the conspirators realized that the coup had failed. Shortly before midnight, Colonel General Friedrich Fromm gave orders to shoot the conspirators dead. Biographies Ludwig Beck Robert Bernardis Werner von Haeften Ludwig Freiherr von Hammerstein-Equord Paul von Hase Erich Hoepner Cäsar von Hofacker Franz Jacob Fritz Jaeger Julius Leber Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim Hans Ulrich von Oertzen Friedrich Olbricht Margarethe von Oven Adolf Reichwein Anton Saefkow Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf von Schwerin von Schwanenfeld Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel Henning von Tresckow Erwin von Witzleben Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 12. The Kreisau circle  

ISBD Public Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 12. The Kreisau circle [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (44 p.) : ill. ; 24 cm. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 323.25 Résistance passive . Désobéissance civile. Lutte non armée 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : From 1940 on, men and women opposed to the regime but with different social backgrounds, traditions, and values came together for talks in Berlin, on the Kreisau estate in Silesia, and in Munich. The driving force was the friends Helmuth James Graf von Moltke and Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg. Catholic and Protestant Christians and clergymen, Social Democrats, conservatives, and liberals developed shared positions in mutual respect. The Kreisau Circle aimed to draft basic principles for an intellectual, political, and social new order after the end of the “Third Reich.” They prepared themselves for “the time afterward” through conferences, discussions, and memoranda. They hoped to provide a new foundation for both human coexistence and the state. Questions of the state structure, the restriction of state power, the economy, the church, and education were discussed in depth. It was particularly important to them to embed Germany in a new European postwar order. The Kreisau Circle had a decisive influence on the ideas of opponents of the National Socialist state who were determined to take action. Some members of the circle joined the regime opponents preparing to assassinate Hitler. The “People’s Court” sentenced many of the members to death because of links to the attempted coup of July 20, 1944. Few members of the Kreisau Circle managed to survive and later shape postwar Germany. Biographies Alfred Delp Horst von Einsiedel Otto Heinrich von der Gablentz Eugen Gerstenmaier Hans Bernd von Haeften Theodor Haubach Hans Lukaschek Carlo Mierendorff Freya Gräfin von Moltke Helmuth James Graf von Moltke Hans Peters Harald Poelchau Adolf Reichwein Theodor Steltzer Carl Dietrich von Trotha Adam von Trott zu Solz Marion Gräfin Yorck von Wartenburg Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 12 Titre : The Kreisau circle Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (44 p.) Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 323.25 Résistance passive . Désobéissance civile. Lutte non armée 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : From 1940 on, men and women opposed to the regime but with different social backgrounds, traditions, and values came together for talks in Berlin, on the Kreisau estate in Silesia, and in Munich. The driving force was the friends Helmuth James Graf von Moltke and Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg. Catholic and Protestant Christians and clergymen, Social Democrats, conservatives, and liberals developed shared positions in mutual respect. The Kreisau Circle aimed to draft basic principles for an intellectual, political, and social new order after the end of the “Third Reich.” They prepared themselves for “the time afterward” through conferences, discussions, and memoranda. They hoped to provide a new foundation for both human coexistence and the state. Questions of the state structure, the restriction of state power, the economy, the church, and education were discussed in depth. It was particularly important to them to embed Germany in a new European postwar order. The Kreisau Circle had a decisive influence on the ideas of opponents of the National Socialist state who were determined to take action. Some members of the circle joined the regime opponents preparing to assassinate Hitler. The “People’s Court” sentenced many of the members to death because of links to the attempted coup of July 20, 1944. Few members of the Kreisau Circle managed to survive and later shape postwar Germany. Biographies Alfred Delp Horst von Einsiedel Otto Heinrich von der Gablentz Eugen Gerstenmaier Hans Bernd von Haeften Theodor Haubach Hans Lukaschek Carlo Mierendorff Freya Gräfin von Moltke Helmuth James Graf von Moltke Hans Peters Harald Poelchau Adolf Reichwein Theodor Steltzer Carl Dietrich von Trotha Adam von Trott zu Solz Marion Gräfin Yorck von Wartenburg Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 13. Resistance by young people  

ISBD Public Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 13. Resistance by young people [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (60 p.) : ill. ; 24 cm. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 061.213 Organisations de jeunesse 061.213(430) Hitlerjugend / Jeunesses hitlériennes 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : After the National Socialists took power on January 30, 1933, the “Hitler Youth” was to be the only youth organization in Germany. In a matter of months, almost all youth associations were banned, forced to disband, or affiliated with the “Hitler Youth.” From the spring of 1939, all young people had to join the “League of German Girls” or the “Hitler Youth.” They were required to show absolute obedience and received premilitary training. Not all young people accepted this total co-opting by the Nazi regime. Political youth groups attempted to stay together illegally or to regroup. The Gestapo ruthlessly persecuted such attempts. Up to the mid-1930s, there were numerous trials against members of the Communist Youth Federation of Germany (KJVD) and the Young Socialist Workers (SAJ). Biographies Herbert Baum Günter Discher Hans Gasparitsch Hanno Günther Charlotte Heile Eugen Herman-Friede Hella Hirsch Helmuth Hübener Michael Jovy Walter Klingenbeck Gertrud Koch Eberhard Koebel Uschi Littmann Elisabeth Ostermeier Dagmar Petersen Wolfgang Schieweg Bartholomäus Schink Bruno Tesch Young people had many different motives for their resistance. They came together as young Communists, Social Democrats, Christians, or young people of Jewish origin. They listened to banned foreign radio stations, passed on news, or tried to inform people of the course of the war and the National Socialist crimes of violence through flyers and leaflets. They risked death sentences if their activities were discovered. During the war, the National Socialists stepped up the persecution of young people who defended their right to independence and self-determination outside the “Hitler Youth.” Edelweiss Pirates in Cologne, Meuten in Leipzig, and Swing Kids in Hamburg, for example, resisted the dictatorship’s coercion through their lifestyles. They were persecuted by the Gestapo, consigned to juvenile concentration camps, or given long prison sentences, although only few of them actively fought the regime. En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 13 Titre : Resistance by young people Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (60 p.) Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 061.213 Organisations de jeunesse 061.213(430) Hitlerjugend / Jeunesses hitlériennes 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : After the National Socialists took power on January 30, 1933, the “Hitler Youth” was to be the only youth organization in Germany. In a matter of months, almost all youth associations were banned, forced to disband, or affiliated with the “Hitler Youth.” From the spring of 1939, all young people had to join the “League of German Girls” or the “Hitler Youth.” They were required to show absolute obedience and received premilitary training. Not all young people accepted this total co-opting by the Nazi regime. Political youth groups attempted to stay together illegally or to regroup. The Gestapo ruthlessly persecuted such attempts. Up to the mid-1930s, there were numerous trials against members of the Communist Youth Federation of Germany (KJVD) and the Young Socialist Workers (SAJ). Biographies Herbert Baum Günter Discher Hans Gasparitsch Hanno Günther Charlotte Heile Eugen Herman-Friede Hella Hirsch Helmuth Hübener Michael Jovy Walter Klingenbeck Gertrud Koch Eberhard Koebel Uschi Littmann Elisabeth Ostermeier Dagmar Petersen Wolfgang Schieweg Bartholomäus Schink Bruno Tesch Young people had many different motives for their resistance. They came together as young Communists, Social Democrats, Christians, or young people of Jewish origin. They listened to banned foreign radio stations, passed on news, or tried to inform people of the course of the war and the National Socialist crimes of violence through flyers and leaflets. They risked death sentences if their activities were discovered. During the war, the National Socialists stepped up the persecution of young people who defended their right to independence and self-determination outside the “Hitler Youth.” Edelweiss Pirates in Cologne, Meuten in Leipzig, and Swing Kids in Hamburg, for example, resisted the dictatorship’s coercion through their lifestyles. They were persecuted by the Gestapo, consigned to juvenile concentration camps, or given long prison sentences, although only few of them actively fought the regime. En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 14. The red orchestra  

ISBD Public Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 14. The red orchestra [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (70 p.) : ill. ; 24 cm. Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 94(100)"1939/45" Orchestre Rouge 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : In the mid-1930s, circles of friendship, discussion, and learning formed in Berlin around Arvid Harnack, a senior executive officer in the Reich Ministry of Economics, and his wife Mildred, along with the Reich Ministry of Aviation employee Harro Schulze-Boysen and his wife Libertas. Through personal contacts, a loose network of seven Berlin resistance circles came into being in 1940/41. They united more than 150 opponents of National Socialism from very different social origins and ideological traditions: students, artists, journalists, and civil servants, many of them women. Their fight against National Socialism took many forms. They discussed political and artistic issues, helped persecuted people, and documented the National Socialists’ crimes of violence. Beyond their private circles, they appealed to the public by distributing leaflets and fly-posting notes. They also made contact with like-minded people in other parts of Germany. In 1940/41, Harnack and Schulze-Boysen also passed on intelligence of military importance to the Soviet Union. Above all, however, the group intensified its political education work by distributing leaflets and letters. In the summer of 1942, the Gestapo discovered the resistance organization formed around Harnack and Schulze-Boysen and investigated them under the collective name of “Red Orchestra.” They discredited the resistance group as a Soviet espionage organization, and the members were tried for “treason.” The Reich Court Martial passed the first death sentences at the end of 1942; in total, more than fifty members of the Red Orchestra were murdered. Biographies Liane Berkowitz Cato Bontjes van Beek Erika Gräfin von Brockdorff Eva-Maria Buch Hans Coppi Hilde Coppi John Graudenz Wilhelm Guddorf Arvid Harnack Mildred Harnack Adam Kuckhoff Greta Kuckhoff Harro Schulze-Boysen Libertas Schulze-Boysen Elisabeth Schumacher Kurt Schumacher John Sieg Maria Terwiel En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 14 Titre : The red orchestra Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (70 p.) Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 94(100)"1939/45" Orchestre Rouge 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne Index. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism. Note de contenu : In the mid-1930s, circles of friendship, discussion, and learning formed in Berlin around Arvid Harnack, a senior executive officer in the Reich Ministry of Economics, and his wife Mildred, along with the Reich Ministry of Aviation employee Harro Schulze-Boysen and his wife Libertas. Through personal contacts, a loose network of seven Berlin resistance circles came into being in 1940/41. They united more than 150 opponents of National Socialism from very different social origins and ideological traditions: students, artists, journalists, and civil servants, many of them women. Their fight against National Socialism took many forms. They discussed political and artistic issues, helped persecuted people, and documented the National Socialists’ crimes of violence. Beyond their private circles, they appealed to the public by distributing leaflets and fly-posting notes. They also made contact with like-minded people in other parts of Germany. In 1940/41, Harnack and Schulze-Boysen also passed on intelligence of military importance to the Soviet Union. Above all, however, the group intensified its political education work by distributing leaflets and letters. In the summer of 1942, the Gestapo discovered the resistance organization formed around Harnack and Schulze-Boysen and investigated them under the collective name of “Red Orchestra.” They discredited the resistance group as a Soviet espionage organization, and the members were tried for “treason.” The Reich Court Martial passed the first death sentences at the end of 1942; in total, more than fifty members of the Red Orchestra were murdered. Biographies Liane Berkowitz Cato Bontjes van Beek Erika Gräfin von Brockdorff Eva-Maria Buch Hans Coppi Hilde Coppi John Graudenz Wilhelm Guddorf Arvid Harnack Mildred Harnack Adam Kuckhoff Greta Kuckhoff Harro Schulze-Boysen Libertas Schulze-Boysen Elisabeth Schumacher Kurt Schumacher John Sieg Maria Terwiel En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://newbibli.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_displa

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 15. The white rose  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 16. Exile and resistance  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 17.1. Resistance by jews  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 17.2. Resistance by sinti and roma  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 18. Resistance during wartime life  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 2. Defending the republic  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 3. National Socialism  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 4. Resistance from the workers'movement  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 5. Resistance out of christian faith  

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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 6. Resistance by artists and intellectuals  

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